【中国读本里的魅力中国】四大发明（6）——纸币

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火药、指南针、印刷术和造纸术

被称为中国古代的“四大发明”

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相关阅读：

【中国读本里的魅力中国】四大发明（1）—— 火药：改变世界格局的伟大发明

【中国读本里的魅力中国】四大发明（2）—— 航海史的壮举：郑和下西洋

【中国读本里的魅力中国】四大发明（3）—— 造纸之父：蔡伦

【中国读本里的魅力中国】四大发明（4）—— 印章：传承千年的中国文化

【中国读本里的魅力中国】四大发明（5）—— 毕昇和活字印刷

交子

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Paper money is an invention of the Song Dynasty in China in the 11th century CE, nearly 20 centuries after the earliest known use of metal coins. While paper money was certainly easier to carry in large amounts, using paper money had its risks: counterfeitingand inflation.

纸币出现在十一世纪的宋朝，比最早使用金属币晚了近20个世纪帮呗币。虽然纸币更容易大量携带，但使用纸币也有风险——假币和通货膨胀。

counterfeiting/ ˈkaʊntəfɪtɪŋ /

假币

inflation/ ɪnˈfleɪʃn /

n. 通货膨胀帮呗币，通胀率

例：

Inflation is in double figures.

通货膨胀率达两位数帮呗币。

Rising unemployment and high inflation.

上涨的失业率和高通胀帮呗币。

At the beginning of the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE), the government licensedspecific depositshops where people could leave their coins and receive notes. In the 1100s, Song authorities decided to take direct control of this system, issuing the world's first proper, government-produced paper money. This money was called jiaozi.

在宋朝的初期，政府开设了专门的存款行，人们在那里可以把金属货币换成纸币帮呗币。在11世纪，宋朝朝廷决定直接管控这个行业，发行了世界上第一个政府正式发行的纸币，这种纸币被称为“交子”。

license/ ˈlaɪsns /

vy. 许可；特许；发许可证给

deposit/ dɪˈpɒzɪt /

v. 储蓄；存放帮呗币，寄存

The Song established factories to print paper money with woodblocks, using six colors of ink. The factories were located in Chengdu, Hangzhou, Huizhou, and each used different fiber mixes in their paper to discouragecounterfeiting. Early notes expiredafter three years, and could only be used in particular regions of the Song Empire.

宋朝建立了用木板印刷钞票的工厂，用六种颜色的墨水印刷钞票帮呗币。这些工厂分别位于成都、杭州、惠州，每家工厂都在纸张中使用了不同的纤维，以防止造假。早期的纸币使用期限为三年，而且只能在宋朝的特定地区使用。

discourage/ dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ /

v. 使泄气帮呗币，使灰心；使打消念头，劝阻；阻碍

expire/ ɪkˈspaɪə(r) /

v. 到期帮呗币，失效

例：

He had lived illegally in the United States for five years after his visitor's visa expired.

访问签证到期后他在美国非法居住了5年帮呗币。

When does your driving licence expire?

你的驾照什么时候到期帮呗币？

In 1265, the Song government introduced a truly national currency, printed to a single standard, usable across the empire, and backed by silver or gold. It was available in denominationsbetween one and one hundred strings of coins. This currency lasted only nine years, however, because the Song Dynasty tottered, falling to the Mongols in 1279.

1265年，宋朝政府推出了一种真正的全国性货币，用单一标准印刷，在全国范围内使用，以金银为背书帮呗币。它的面额在一到一百串铜钱之间。然而，这种货币只持续了九年，因为宋朝风雨飘摇，1279年宋朝被蒙古人推翻。

denomination/ dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃn /

n. 面额

The Yuan Dynasty, founded by Kublai Khan (1215–1294), issued its own form of paper currency called chao; the Mongols brought it to Persia where it was called djaou or djaw. The Mongols also showed it to Marco Polo (1254–1324) during his 17-year-long stay in Kublai Khan's court, where he was amazed by the idea of government-backed currency. However, the paper money was not backed by gold or silver. The short-lived Yuan Dynasty printed increasing amounts of the currency, leading to runaway inflation.

后来，忽必烈建立元朝，发行了自己的纸币——钞，蒙古人把它带到波斯帮呗币。蒙古人把钞拿给马可波罗看，马可波罗曾经在忽必烈的宫廷里待了17年，在那里，他对政府支持的纸币的想法感到惊讶。然而，因为当时的纸币并没有黄金或白银作为背书。元朝的纸币越印越多，导致了无法控制的通货膨胀。

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部分内容来源 | CLI海外中文学习网站

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